星象與卦爻：東西方神秘傳統導讀Stars & Hexagrams: A Guide to Eastern and Western Esoteric Traditions
從巴比倫的星空到《周易》的卦爻，從文藝復興的魔法哲學到茅山道教、古代的祝由醫術和街頭的相士與風水先生，東西方都曾發展出解讀天象、時間與命運的知識傳統。本站從思想史、宗教史和社會史的角度，梳理這些傳統的來龍去脈：只作描述，不作預測。From the skies of Babylon to the hexagrams of the Zhouyi (Book of Changes), from Renaissance magical philosophy to Maoshan Daoism, the ancient healing art of zhuyou and the physiognomists and geomancers of the street, both East and West developed traditions of knowledge for interpreting the heavens, time and fate. This site traces the origins and development of these traditions from the perspectives of intellectual, religious and social history: it describes, and does not predict.
本站的寫法How This Site Is Written
神秘學（esotericism／occultism）與術數，是人類嘗試理解宇宙、時間與命運所留下的文化遺產，曾深刻影響天文學、醫學、哲學、文學與藝術。本站的立場是描述而不鼓吹：Esotericism/occultism and the Chinese divinatory arts (shushu, 術數) are a cultural heritage left by humanity’s attempts to understand the cosmos, time and fate, and they once profoundly influenced astronomy, medicine, philosophy, literature and the arts. Our position is to describe, not to advocate:
- 可核對：每頁末附參考資料，只列已正式出版、可以查證的書籍或學術文章。Verifiable: Each page ends with references, listing only formally published books or scholarly articles that can be checked.
- 分清傳說與史實：「伏羲畫卦」「黃帝得奇門於九天玄女」之類屬於傳說，本站會清楚標明，並介紹現代學界的看法。Legend kept distinct from history: Stories such as “Fuxi drew the trigrams” or “the Yellow Emperor received Qimen from the Mysterious Lady of the Nine Heavens” are legends; we label them clearly and introduce the views of modern scholarship.
- 不寫操作手冊：介紹儀式時只作歷史與文化描述，不提供召喚、詛咒或任何聲稱能改變他人命運的步驟。No operating manuals: Rituals are described only historically and culturally; we provide no steps for invocation, cursing or anything claiming to alter another person’s fate.
- 不作預測：本站不提供算命、運程或個人化解讀。No predictions: This site offers no fortune-telling, forecasts or personalised readings.
主題目錄Topics
黃道十二星座The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
十二星座的日期、元素、模式、守護星，以及星座形象背後的巴比倫與希臘神話來源。Dates, elements, modalities and ruling planets of the twelve signs, and the Babylonian and Greek mythological sources behind their imagery.
閱讀 Read →占星術Astrology
行星、宮位、相位與本命盤的基本概念；由巴比倫到現代心理占星的歷史；並對照中國的紫微斗數與七政四餘。Basic concepts of planets, houses, aspects and the natal chart; the history from Babylon to modern psychological astrology; and comparison with China’s Ziwei Doushu and Qizheng Siyu.
閱讀 Read →魔法歷史History of Magic
古埃及與美索不達米亞、赫密士主義、新柏拉圖主義、中世紀魔法書、文藝復興魔法，到十九、二十世紀的近代復興。Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, medieval grimoires and Renaissance magic, through to the modern revival of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
閱讀 Read →派系和儀式Orders and Rituals
玫瑰十字會、黃金黎明協會、Thelema、Wicca、混沌魔法等團體的起源、理念與代表性儀式（歷史描述）。The origins, ideas and representative rituals (described historically) of groups such as the Rosicrucians, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Thelema, Wicca and chaos magic.
閱讀 Read →奇門遁甲Qimen Dunjia
「三式」之一：起源傳說、三奇六儀、九宮、八門、九星、八神的結構，以及在兵學與擇時上的歷史用途。One of the “Three Cosmic Boards” (sanshi): its origin legends; the structure of the Three Wonders and Six Ceremonials, Nine Palaces, Eight Gates, Nine Stars and Eight Spirits; and its historical uses in military science and the choice of auspicious times.
閱讀 Read →易經卦爻Yijing: Trigrams, Hexagrams and Lines
八卦、六十四卦、爻的概念、卦辭爻辭、大衍筮法與金錢卦的歷史，並附六十四卦一覽表。The concepts of the eight trigrams, sixty-four hexagrams and lines; the hexagram and line statements; the history of the Dayan yarrow-stalk method and the coin method; with a table of all sixty-four hexagrams.
閱讀 Read →民間九流術士Folk Diviners of the “Nine Streams”
「三教九流」的說法從何而來；相士、卜卦、風水、命理、扶乩等行業的歷史與社會角色。Where the expression “Three Teachings and Nine Streams” comes from, and the history and social role of physiognomists, diviners, geomancers (fengshui masters), fate calculators and spirit-writing mediums.
閱讀 Read →道教茅山術Maoshan Daoism
茅山與上清派的歷史：魏華存、楊羲、陶弘景與《真誥》；符籙傳統，以及殭屍片中「茅山道士」形象的由來。The history of Mount Mao and the Shangqing school: Wei Huacun, Yang Xi, Tao Hongjing and the Zhen’gao; the talisman-and-register (fulu) tradition; and how the “Maoshan priest” of jiangshi (hopping-vampire) films came to be.
閱讀 Read →祝由術Zhuyou Healing
出自《黃帝內經》的祝禱療法：巫醫同源、唐代咒禁科、元明太醫院祝由科及其撤除，與現代學界的看法。Healing by invocation as named in the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor): the common origin of shamanism and medicine, the Tang “Incantation and Interdiction” department, the Yuan–Ming Imperial Medical Academy’s zhuyou department and its abolition, and the views of modern scholarship.
閱讀 Read →一些基本概念Some Basic Concepts
「神秘學」指甚麼？What does “esotericism” (shenmixue) mean?
中文「神秘學」常對應英文的 occultism 或 Western esotericism。學術界（例如法國學者 Antoine Faivre、荷蘭學者 Wouter J. Hanegraaff）把「西方隱秘傳統」視為可以用歷史方法研究的領域，範圍包括赫密士主義、占星、鍊金術、卡巴拉、玫瑰十字運動和近代魔法團體等。研究者不必相信這些學說為真，正如研究宗教史的人不必是信徒。The Chinese term shenmixue (神秘學) usually corresponds to the English “occultism” or “Western esotericism”. Scholars such as the French Antoine Faivre and the Dutch Wouter J. Hanegraaff treat “Western esotericism” as a field open to historical study, covering Hermeticism, astrology, alchemy, Kabbalah, the Rosicrucian movement, modern magical societies and more. Researchers need not believe these doctrines to be true, just as historians of religion need not be believers.
「術數」指甚麼？What does shushu (“divinatory arts”) mean?
在中國傳統目錄學中，《漢書‧藝文志》設有「數術略」，收天文、曆譜、五行、蓍龜、雜占、形法六類；清代《四庫全書總目》則在子部設「術數類」，收數學（象數）、占候、相宅相墓、占卜、命書相書、陰陽五行、雜技術等七屬。可見術數在傳統知識體系中自有明確位置；與此同時，歷代學者對其可信程度也一直有爭論。In traditional Chinese bibliography, the “Treatise on Literature” (Yiwenzhi) of the Book of Han has a section on “Numbers and Techniques” (Shushu lüe) comprising six categories: astronomy, calendars, five phases, turtle and milfoil divination, miscellaneous divination, and form-based methods. The Qing-dynasty Annotated Catalogue of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Siku quanshu zongmu) placed a “divinatory arts” class under the Masters section, with seven subdivisions: numerology (image and number), weather and portent divination, siting of dwellings and tombs, divination, fate and physiognomy books, yin-yang and five phases, and miscellaneous techniques. The divinatory arts thus had a clear place in the traditional system of knowledge, while scholars through the ages also debated how far they could be trusted.
東西方的共通點What East and West Have in Common
東西方傳統都相信天上與人間存在某種對應：西方有「如其在上，如其在下」之說，中國則有「天人感應」之說。兩者都發展出以數字、方位與時間為框架的系統；近代科學興起後，也都被重新定位為「文化傳統」或「信仰」，不再被視為自然科學的一部分。Both Eastern and Western traditions held that there is some correspondence between heaven and the human world: the West has “as above, so below”, China has “resonance between heaven and humanity” (tianren ganying). Both developed systems framed by number, direction and time; and with the rise of modern science both were repositioned as “cultural traditions” or “beliefs”, no longer regarded as part of natural science.
參考資料References
- Antoine Faivre, Access to Western Esotericism. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994.
- Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- Wouter J. Hanegraaff (ed.), Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
- 班固《漢書‧藝文志》。（通行本：中華書局點校本《漢書》。）Ban Gu, Book of Han (Hanshu), “Treatise on Literature” (Yiwenzhi). (Standard edition: Zhonghua Shuju punctuated edition of the Hanshu.)
- 永瑢、紀昀等《四庫全書總目》子部‧術數類。（通行本：中華書局影印本。）Yongrong, Ji Yun et al., Annotated Catalogue of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Siku quanshu zongmu), Masters section, divinatory arts class. (Standard edition: Zhonghua Shuju facsimile.)
- 李零《中國方術考》。北京：人民中國出版社，1993；修訂本，東方出版社，2000。Li Ling, Zhongguo fangshu kao (Studies of Chinese Occult Techniques). Beijing: Renmin Zhongguo Chubanshe, 1993; revised edition, Dongfang Chubanshe, 2000.